Protein in kidney stones
You recommend 1g of protein per 1lb of body weight for males. Does this much protein put us at risk of developing kidney stones or getting more and, if so, (a) which markers do we need to keep an eye on and (b) what can we do to offset the increased chances from a high-protein diet?
How do we care for our aging family who still wants to live a life worth living?
What about those older family members trying to lead a quality life. They have lived their life and in their retirement, finding their health falling apart. While trying to help themselves get better, how do we get them “better”. Is this a medicine 2G. What about Gerentology? Scarey term, but we do all age. As I sat in the hospital with my dad for the past 36 hours I think of him and two other family members who I am their medical advocate at this time. I am a veterinarian (so have some medical knowledge), and despite my efforts to find my family members care, them following through with that care, the system is ultimately giving up on them. My father almost died again yesterday. Again, yes. He had a stress test in 2019 and eight weeks later arrived into the ER to have his heart stop. Those stress test results were passed to the next guy, and never relayed to my dad. He had been in ventricular tachycardia during his stress test and this information was not provided, communication was lacking. He dropped dead in the ER of an LAD blockage and after six resuscitations has lived to tell about it. Three artery stents later, he has found himself back into an ER with rising Troponin levels and medicine that just wants to “watch” and wait. I don’t know if it is because my loved ones are 65+ and on Medicare or what has happened with human medicine. This is the man who has taught me about nutrition, fitness, wellness. His diet is restricted, aims to lift weights, walks miles per day, enjoy his passion for hunting, etc… Today, after “watching”these troponin levels continue to rise over 24 + hours, not finding problems with his ECG, having a “normal” angiogram, we have another problem on our hands. We have a heart with much decreased function (keep in mind there has been no recommendation for follow up testing aside from an echocardiogram the past three years and a recent stress test). His stress test was again 8 weeks ago and we find ourselves with a potentially fatal blood clot in a stented artery. This was only found after someone cancelled an MRI and my dad had an opportunity to do a cardiac MRI (seemed like a last ditch effort to actually figure out what had been going on with him for the past 24 + hours and was barely considered a diagnostic tool). How do we care for our aging family who still wants to live a life worth living???
VO2 max training - heart rate vs Watts
What is improving VO2max during the training higher watts or higher heart rate? For example comparing 4*4min protocol vs 1 hour max effort I can see that for 4*4 min protocol , working watts (for myself) are up to 4 watts per kg but heart rate is over 90% of max heart rate only 10-12 minutes. On the other hand 1 hour max effort has only 3 wats per kg during this hour, but heart rate over 90% of max heart rate is 40min+. So what is acctually improving Vo2max , watts or heart rate?
How does epigenetics work at the cell level?
I'm confused when I hear about epigenetics and/or methylation turning certain genes "on" or "off" or allowing certain genes to be expressed or not. Given we have about a trillion cells in our body, most of them with at least one nucleus with a complete set of chromosomes, when a particular gene is "expressed," does this happen in every nucleus in our body? And at the same time? That doesn't seem possible, but if the gene expression occurs in only one nucleus, how could it possibly affect our health? Please shed some light on how this actually works at the cellular level.