Is it clear how much inflammation impacts atherosclerosis? Since plaque can build up without very high LDLs, and apoB and Lpa may not be measured, is it clear how cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes/metabolic issues, inflammation, etc. rank in impacting this disease? Is inflammation the driver or apoB/Lp(a)?
Are ultra-processed ingredients in protein shakes enough of a negative that they should be avoided? It is very difficult to find protein powder that doesn't have artificial sweeteners, thickeners, emulsifiers, etc. Are there any discussions in the health/wellness field of reevaluating UPF in powders and/or switching to protein shakes made from whole food sources?